What term is commonly used to describe a gradual increase in sound intensity?

The term that is commonly used to describe a gradual increase in sound intensity is crescendo. In musical notation, a crescendo indicates that the performer should gradually play louder, creating a buildup of intensity and energy in the music. This term is often symbolized by a decrescendo marking, which visually represents the growing volume.

Understanding the context of crescendo is essential for interpreting music dynamics effectively. It plays a critical role in shaping the emotional arc of a musical piece, allowing for heightened tension or excitement as the music progresses. In contrast to other terms, such as decrescendo (which signifies a decrease in volume), crescendo specifically denotes an increase, making it the accurate choice for describing a gradual rise in sound intensity.